ABSTRACT
The global pandemic coronavirus pneumonia（COVID-19）,the disease infected by the new coronavirus（SARS-CoV-2）,is extremely contagious.It is mainly spread among people through respiratory droplets, aerosols, direct or indirect contact, fecal-oral transmission, and cold chain transportation.Especially, patients who are in the incubation period or have no obvious symptoms already have the ability to infect others.SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, with a single linear RNA segment.Each SARS-CoV-2 virion is 60-140 nm in diameter.Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has four structural proteins, known as the spike（S）, envelope（E）,membrane（M）,and nucleocapsid（N） proteins.To date, a variety of detection methods for the SARS-CoV-2 have been developed based on the virus structural basis and etiological characteristics, which would provide an effective guarantee for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients and the control of the epidemic.In order to help for the early diagnosis and prevention of COVID-19,the pathogenic characteristics and recent progresses of detection base on nucleic acid, immunology and biosensors of the SARS-CoV-2 are reviewed in this paper.